| WorkOS | per-connection / add-ons | medium | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | ? | Strong B2B SSO + directory sync focus. |
| Clerk | per MAU + B2B add-ons | low | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ? | Great DX; enterprise SSO can get pricey. |
| Microsoft Entra External ID | bundle / enterprise licensing | high | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Best if already on Microsoft stack. |
| Okta | enterprise licensing | high | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Mature enterprise IAM; higher cost. |
| Keycloak | self-host infra cost | high | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ? | Powerful OSS; ops-heavy. |
| Zitadel | cloud + self-host | medium | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ? | Modern auth; good multi-tenant story. |
| FusionAuth | license + self-host | medium | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ? | Auth platform with self-host option. |
| SuperTokens | open-source + paid add-ons | medium | ? | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ? | Dev-friendly; enterprise features vary. |
| Ory | cloud + OSS components | high | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Composable IAM primitives; needs engineering. |
| Authentik | open-source self-host | medium | ✓ | ? | ✓ | ✓ | ? | Good OSS option; smaller ecosystem. |
| Firebase Auth | usage-based | low | ? | ? | ? | ✓ | ? | Strong B2C baseline; weaker enterprise knobs. |
| AWS Cognito | usage-based | medium | ✓ | ? | ? | ✓ | ? | Good infra-native option; DX mixed. |